Editing Demonstration Safety (section)

== Cryogen Demonstration Safety ==

*A Cryogen is a solid, liquid or gas that has been cooled far below the freezing point of water. Cryogens can cause frostbite within seconds, making them a safety hazard.
*The cryogenic materials used in our demonstrations are dry ice, Liquid Nitrogen, and objects that have been cooled by the dry ice or liquid nitrogen.
*The audience should be at least ten feet away from a Liquid Nitrogen presentation. 
*'''Required Safety Gear:''' A small blast shield, safety googles, cryogen-safe gloves.
*'''Recommended Safety Gear:''' A lab coat.
*'''Required Dress:''' Closed toe shoes, jeans, t-shirt.
=== Cryogen Storage and Containment ===
'''''Liquid Nitrogen'''''
* Liquid Nitrogen must be kept in a cryogen approved container. Do not overfill the container, and keep a loose-fitting lid on the container at all times when not in use. Store and use Liquid Nitrogen in a well ventilated area.
* When carrying Liquid Nitrogen, wear safety goggles and the cryogen gloves. When transporting it, keep the container upright at all times, and buckle it into a seat to prevent it from tipping or spilling.
* During a performance, safety goggles are required at all times, and the blast shield should be in front of the container at all times. Wear the cryogen gloves whenever you are using the Liquid Nitrogen during the performance.
* If spilled, Liquid Nitrogen will vaporize quickly. However, due to the Leidenfrost effect it will roll along smooth surfaces easily, making it possible for a spill to travel rather far. To prevent a spill from traveling, keep a blast shield in front of the Liquid Nitrogen container throughout the duration of a presentation.
** If Liquid Nitrogen is spilled and is rolling slowly across the floor, create a barrier around the spill to contain it as it vaporizes.
** If Liquid Nitrogen is spilled and is rolling in the direction of the audience, ask the members of the audience that are not wearing closed toe shoes to lift their feet off the floor. If they are all wearing closed toe shoes, then alert them that their feet are safe,  but to not touch it with their hands.
* If you spill Liquid Nitrogen on your skin, keep the exposed area angled to let it roll off of your skin. You will have a few seconds to react due to the Leidenfrost effect, so a quick response will help you avoid injury. 
* If frostbite does occur, run the affected area under warm water for 3-5 minutes to rewarm the skin. Treat the affected area with an antibacterial ointment and bandage it.
* If it is spilled on your clothing, pull the clothing away from your skin and allow it to vaporize. If the spill soaked a large area of your clothing, you should remove that article of clothing promptly to avoid frostbite.

'''''Dry Ice'''''
* Keep dry ice in a thick-walled insulated container with a loose fitting lid. Store and use dry ice in a well ventilated area.
* Spilled dry ice should be kept away from people and sensitive materials. Use a cryogen glove or similar to collect any large pieces.
* If dry ice comes in contact with bare skin, it can cause near-instant frostbite. Always use cryogen gloves when handling dry ice.

'''''Solid Cryogens'''''
* Solid cryogens consists of the objects that are cooled by the Liquid Nitrogen or dry ice, such as the racquetballs, bananas and pennies we use in some of our demonstrations.
* Solid cryogens should only be handled while wearing cryogen gloves or with cryogen-safe utensils, such as the tongs we have with the demonstration.
* Solid cryogens can cause near-instant frostbite if they come in contact with skin. Avoid touching any solid cryogens with your bare hands.
* If a solid cryogen is spilled, alert the audience that they should not touch the object. Pick up the object while wearing cryogen gloves.